Governance and Sustainability
Definition of governance.
Component of planning is authority, it is always governance base because cannot let everybody plan everything what they want, it must to control.
1) Sustainability
Environmental sustainability - means today we enjoy the recreational area with real trees so in the future, the new generation also can enjoy it same with us. Example: Today we enjoy to eat 'durian' so in the future new generation also can eat 'durian'.
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| Figure 1: Durian. Source: ktemoc.blogsport.com |
2) Economic sustainability
Example : Father is work as rubber tapper so the son need to move up to be better but the concept can be sustain.
3) Social-politic sustainability
Less wars is consider is sustainability in social political. People start to killing on the street today it not consider as sustain. Stable government create more sustainable. In India, people depend on the river, if kill the river so it mean kill the people also.
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| Figure : Wars giving not sustainability of social-politic. Source: pc.gamespy,com |
Five (5) aspects of sustainable.
1) Empowerment - is capability for individuals to engage in decision making.
2)Cooperation - sense of belonging. If people have sense of belonging so it care about the environment. So in term of planner or developer if they have sense of belonging so they minimize of damages when they plan for development using critical thinking.
3) Equity - access to allocated resources. Examples: children access to go to school. Women have access to work as man is equity but not create identically.
4) Sustainability - Right of future generations. The future have same to opportunity.
5) Security - security of live hood.
Governance is related to rules and law. Authority promotes, supports and sustains human development especially for the poorest and most marginal. Good governance divided by three : economic, political and administrative. Economic is the decision making processes in country's economic activities. ( Decision makers decide to other people). Political is the process of decision making to formulate policy. (start decide without knowledge so it not sustainable). Administrative is the policy implementation.
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| Figure 3: Majlis Perbandaran Kemaman as governance. Source: jobsentral.blogspot.com |
9 aspect should focus on to be good governance is participation, rule of law, transparency, responsiveness, consensus, equity, effective, accountability and vision. Three domains of governance is state, private sector and civil society. The state should upholding the rights of vulnerable. The state also must to protect the environment, to maintaining stable macroeconomic conditions, to maintaining standards of public health and safety for all at an affordable cost, to mobilising resources to provide essential public services and infrastructure, then maintaining order, security and social harmony. Private sector most increase element life today. In Malaysia government sector is bigger than private sector. State can foster private sector development to creating a stable macroeconomic environment. It also to maintaining comparative market. Civil society such as NGO. In Penang, Sabah and Sarawak NGO is most powerful because their voice is heard. It important because to protect the right of all citizen. Penang NGO strong because Penang is one of UNESCO site. so it very strict to developed that area.
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| Figure 4: NGOs protest to be heard. Source: www.thestar.com.my |
